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<p class="MsoNormal">Good morning,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Our CISO Chris Kosciuk is sharing this MS-ISAC cybersecurity advisory for Fortinet users.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Let us know if you have questions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="color:#2F5496">April Goode, MBA, SPP<br>
</span></b><span style="color:#2F5496">Director of OneNet Strategic Planning and Communications<br>
Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education<br>
405.225.9251<br>
</span><a href="mailto:april@onenet.net" target="_blank">april@onenet.net</a><b><span style="color:#2F5496"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:black">From:</span></b><span style="color:black"> MS-ISAC Advisory <<a href="mailto:MS-ISAC.Advisory@msisac.org">MS-ISAC.Advisory@msisac.org</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, June 12, 2023 10:34 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Kosciuk, Chris<br>
<b>Subject:</b> <<EXTERNAL E-MAIL>> MS-ISAC CYBERSECURITY ADVISORY – A Vulnerability in Fortinet FortiGate Could Allow for Remote Code Execution – PATCH: NOW – TLP: CLEAR</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">-- THIS E-MAIL WAS RECEIVED FROM AN EXTERNAL SOURCE--
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:gray">Not rendering correctly? View this email as a web page
<a href="https://learn.cisecurity.org/webmail/799323/978993276/b7009e5ca4dee0510c32aa769af97b34a5677f07a880da06f8df7b9a6bf27fe3" target="_blank">
<span style="color:#606060">here</span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:15.0pt"><b><span style="font-size:15.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#505050"><a href="https://learn.cisecurity.org/e/799323/resources--type-advisory/4szh4b/978993276?h=pMCXJMhjXwjJxa518k14Yo_2pVCbOHr8jJ4PD_cRv2E"></a></span></b><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
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<p style="line-height:15.75pt"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">TLP:CLEAR<br>
MS-ISAC CYBERSECURITY ADVISORY</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="line-height:15.75pt"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">MS-ISAC ADVISORY NUMBER:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><br>
</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">2023-</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">060</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="line-height:15.75pt"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">DATE(S) ISSUED:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><br>
</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">06/</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">12</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">/2023</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="line-height:15.75pt"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">SUBJECT:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><br>
</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">A Vulnerability in Fortinet FortiGate Could Allow for Remote Code Execution</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="line-height:15.75pt"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">OVERVIEW:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><br>
</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">A vulnerability </span>
<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">has</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"> been discovered in Fortinet FortiGate, which could allow for remote code execution.</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">
Fortinet FortiGate is a firewall product that provides VPN functionality</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow for remote code execution in the context of the affected service
account. Depending on the privileges associated with the service account an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. Service accounts that are configured to have fewer user rights on
the system could be less impacted than those who operate with administrative user rights.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="line-height:15.75pt"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">THREAT INTELLIGENCE:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><br>
</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">There are currently no reports of this vulnerability being exploited in the wild.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:15.75pt"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">SYSTEMS AFFECTED:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#666666;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.75pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;margin:0px!important;font-size:15px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:left!important;font-weight:normal!important">
<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">FortiGate versions prior to 6.2.155</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#666666;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.75pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;margin:0px!important;font-size:15px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:left!important;font-weight:normal!important">
<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">FortiGate versions prior to 6.4.13</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#666666;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.75pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;margin:0px!important;font-size:15px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:left!important;font-weight:normal!important">
<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">FortiGate versions prior to 7.0.12</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#666666;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.75pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;margin:0px!important;font-size:15px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:left!important;font-weight:normal!important">
<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">FortiGate versions prior to 7.2.5</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:15.75pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:15.75pt"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">RISK:<br>
Government:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#666666;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.75pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;margin:0px!important;font-size:15px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:left!important;font-weight:normal!important">
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Large and medium government entities:
<b>High</b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#666666;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.75pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;margin:0px!important;font-size:15px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:left!important;font-weight:normal!important">
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Small government entities:
<b>Medium</b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:15.75pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:15.75pt"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">Businesses:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Large and medium business entities:
<b>High</b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#666666;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.75pt;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo3;margin:0px!important;font-size:15px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:left!important;font-weight:normal!important">
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Small business entities:
<b>Medium</b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p style="line-height:15.75pt"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">Home users: Low</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="line-height:15.75pt"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">TECHNICAL SUMMARY:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><br>
</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">A vulnerability </span>
<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">has</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"> been discovered in Fortinet FortiGate, which could allow for remote code execution</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">.
Details of this vulnerability are as follows: </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height:15.75pt"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">Tactic</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">: <i>Initial Access </i>(<a href="https://learn.cisecurity.org/e/799323/tactics-TA0001-/4szh4f/978993276?h=pMCXJMhjXwjJxa518k14Yo_2pVCbOHr8jJ4PD_cRv2E">TA0001</a>):</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height:15.75pt"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">Technique</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">:
<i>Exploit Public Facing Application</i> (<a href="https://learn.cisecurity.org/e/799323/techniques-T1190-/4szh4j/978993276?h=pMCXJMhjXwjJxa518k14Yo_2pVCbOHr8jJ4PD_cRv2E">T1190</a>):</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#666666;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.75pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo4;margin:0px!important;font-size:15px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:left!important;font-weight:normal!important">
<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">CVE-2023-27997 - Fortinet FortiGate Firewalls Design Error Code Execution Vulnerability</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p style="line-height:15.75pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow for remote code execution in the context of the affected service account. Depending on the privileges associated
with the service account an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. Service accounts that are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than those who
operate with administrative user rights.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height:15.75pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="line-height:15.75pt"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">RECOMMENDATIONS:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><br>
</span><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">We recommend the following actions be taken:</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#666666;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.75pt;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo5;margin:0px!important;font-size:15px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:left!important;font-weight:normal!important">
<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Apply appropriate updates provided by Fortinet to vulnerable systems immediately after appropriate testing. (</span><a href="https://learn.cisecurity.org/e/799323/mitigations-M1051-/4szh4m/978993276?h=pMCXJMhjXwjJxa518k14Yo_2pVCbOHr8jJ4PD_cRv2E"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;text-decoration:none">M1051</span></b></a><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">:
Update Software</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">) </span>
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#666666;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.75pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo5;margin:0px!important;font-size:15px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:left!important;font-weight:normal!important">
<b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Safeguard 7.1: Establish and Maintain a Vulnerability Management Process</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">: Establish and maintain a documented vulnerability management process for enterprise
assets. Review and update documentation annually, or when significant enterprise changes occur that could impact this Safeguard.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#666666;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.75pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo5;margin:0px!important;font-size:15px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:left!important;font-weight:normal!important">
<b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Safeguard 7.2: Establish and Maintain a Remediation Process:</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> Establish and maintain a risk-based remediation strategy documented in a remediation process,
with monthly, or more frequent, reviews.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#666666;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.75pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo5;margin:0px!important;font-size:15px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:left!important;font-weight:normal!important">
<b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Safeguard 7.3: Perform Automated Operating System Patch Management:</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> Perform operating system updates on enterprise assets through automated patch management
on a monthly, or more frequent, basis.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#666666;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.75pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo5;margin:0px!important;font-size:15px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:left!important;font-weight:normal!important">
<b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Safeguard 7.4: Perform Automated Application Patch Management:</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> Perform application updates on enterprise assets through automated patch management on a monthly,
or more frequent, basis.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#666666;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.75pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo5;margin:0px!important;font-size:15px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:left!important;font-weight:normal!important">
<b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Safeguard 7.6: Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Externally-Exposed Enterprise Assets:</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> Perform automated vulnerability scans of externally-exposed
enterprise assets using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool. Perform scans on a monthly, or more frequent, basis.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#666666;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.75pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo5;margin:0px!important;font-size:15px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:left!important;font-weight:normal!important">
<b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Safeguard 7.7: Remediate Detected Vulnerabilities:
</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Remediate detected vulnerabilities in software through processes and tooling on a monthly, or more frequent, basis, based on the remediation process.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#666666;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.75pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo5;margin:0px!important;font-size:15px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:left!important;font-weight:normal!important">
<b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Safeguard 12.1: Ensure Network Infrastructure is Up-to-Date:</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> Ensure network infrastructure is kept up-to-date. Example implementations include running the
latest stable release of software and/or using currently supported network-as-a-service (NaaS) offerings. Review software versions monthly, or more frequently, to verify software support.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#666666;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.75pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo5;margin:0px!important;font-size:15px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:left!important;font-weight:normal!important">
<b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Safeguard 18.1: Establish and Maintain a Penetration Testing Program:</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> Establish and maintain a penetration testing program appropriate to the size, complexity,
and maturity of the enterprise. Penetration testing program characteristics include scope, such as network, web application, Application Programming Interface (API), hosted services, and physical premise controls; frequency; limitations, such as acceptable
hours, and excluded attack types; point of contact information; remediation, such as how findings will be routed internally; and retrospective requirements.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#666666;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.75pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo5;margin:0px!important;font-size:15px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:left!important;font-weight:normal!important">
<b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Safeguard 18.2: Perform Periodic External Penetration Tests:</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> Perform periodic external penetration tests based on program requirements, no less than annually.
External penetration testing must include enterprise and environmental reconnaissance to detect exploitable information. Penetration testing requires specialized skills and experience and must be conducted through a qualified party. The testing may be clear
box or opaque box.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#666666;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.75pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo5;margin:0px!important;font-size:15px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:left!important;font-weight:normal!important">
<b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Safeguard 18.3: Remediate Penetration Test Findings:</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> Remediate penetration test findings based on the enterprise’s policy for remediation scope and prioritization.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
</li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#666666;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.75pt;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo5;margin:0px!important;font-size:15px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:left!important;font-weight:normal!important">
<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Vulnerability scanning is used to find potentially exploitable software vulnerabilities to remediate them.
<b>(<a href="https://learn.cisecurity.org/e/799323/mitigations-M1016-/4szh4q/978993276?h=pMCXJMhjXwjJxa518k14Yo_2pVCbOHr8jJ4PD_cRv2E"><span style="text-decoration:none">M1016</span></a>: Vulnerability Scanning)</b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
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<b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Safeguard 16.13: Conduct Application Penetration Testing:
</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Conduct application penetration testing. For critical applications, authenticated penetration testing is better suited to finding business logic vulnerabilities than code scanning and automated security
testing.Penetration testing relies on the skill of the tester to manually manipulate an application as an authenticated and unauthenticated user.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
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<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Apply the Principle of Least Privilege to all systems and services. Run all software as a non-privileged user (one without administrative privileges) to diminish the effects of a successful attack. (</span><a href="https://learn.cisecurity.org/e/799323/mitigations-M1026-/4szh4t/978993276?h=pMCXJMhjXwjJxa518k14Yo_2pVCbOHr8jJ4PD_cRv2E"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;text-decoration:none">M1026</span></b></a><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">:
Privileged Account Management</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">)
</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Safeguard 4.7: Manage Default Accounts on Enterprise Assets and Software:</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> Manage default accounts on enterprise assets and software, such as root, administrator,
and other pre-configured vendor accounts. Example implementations can include: disabling default accounts or making them unusable.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
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<b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Safeguard 5.4: Restrict Administrator Privileges to Dedicated Administrator Accounts:</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> Restrict administrator privileges to dedicated administrator accounts
on enterprise assets. Conduct general computing activities, such as internet browsing, email, and productivity suite use, from the user’s primary, non-privileged account.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#666666;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.75pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo5;margin:0px!important;font-size:15px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:left!important;font-weight:normal!important">
<b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Safeguard 5.5: Establish and Maintain an Inventory of Service Accounts:</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> Establish and maintain an inventory of service accounts. The inventory, at a minimum,
must contain department owner, review date, and purpose. Perform service account reviews to validate that all active accounts are authorized, on a recurring schedule at a minimum quarterly, or more frequently.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#666666;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.75pt;mso-list:l4 level2 lfo5;margin:0px!important;font-size:15px!important;line-height:15px!important;text-align:left!important;font-weight:normal!important">
<b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Safeguard 6.8: Define and Maintain Role-Based Access Control:</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> Define and maintain role-based access control, through determining and documenting the access
rights necessary for each role within the enterprise to successfully carry out its assigned duties. Perform access control reviews of enterprise assets to validate that all privileges are authorized, on a recurring schedule at a minimum annually, or more frequently.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
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<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Architect sections of the network to isolate critical systems, functions, or resources. Use physical and logical segmentation to prevent access to potentially sensitive systems and information. Use a DMZ to contain
any internet-facing services that should not be exposed from the internal network. Configure separate virtual private cloud (VPC) instances to isolate critical cloud systems.
<b>(<a href="https://learn.cisecurity.org/e/799323/mitigations-M1030-/4szh4x/978993276?h=pMCXJMhjXwjJxa518k14Yo_2pVCbOHr8jJ4PD_cRv2E"><span style="text-decoration:none">M1030</span></a>: Network Segmentation)</b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
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<b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Safeguard 12.2: Establish and Maintain a Secure Network Architecture:
</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Establish and maintain a secure network architecture. A secure network architecture must address segmentation, least privilege, and availability, at a minimum.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
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<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Restrict execution of code to a virtual environment on or in transit to an endpoint system. (</span><a href="https://learn.cisecurity.org/e/799323/mitigations-M1048-/4szh51/978993276?h=pMCXJMhjXwjJxa518k14Yo_2pVCbOHr8jJ4PD_cRv2E"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;text-decoration:none">M1048</span></b></a><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">:
Application Isolation and Sandboxing</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">)
</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Safeguard 16.8: Separate Production and Non-Production Systems:</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> Maintain separate environments for production and non-production systems.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
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<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Use capabilities to detect and block conditions that may lead to or be indicative of a software exploit occurring. (</span><a href="https://learn.cisecurity.org/e/799323/mitigations-M1050-/4szh54/978993276?h=pMCXJMhjXwjJxa518k14Yo_2pVCbOHr8jJ4PD_cRv2E"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;text-decoration:none">M1050</span></b></a><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">:
Exploit Protection</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">) </span>
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Safeguard 10.5: </span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> <b>Enable Anti-Exploitation Features:</b> Enable anti-exploitation features on enterprise assets and software, where possible, such as Microsoft®
Data Execution Prevention (DEP), Windows® Defender Exploit Guard (WDEG), or Apple® System Integrity Protection (SIP) and Gatekeeper™.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
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<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Restrict use of certain websites, block downloads/attachments, block Javascript, restrict browser extensions, etc. (</span><a href="https://learn.cisecurity.org/e/799323/mitigations-M1021-/4szh57/978993276?h=pMCXJMhjXwjJxa518k14Yo_2pVCbOHr8jJ4PD_cRv2E"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;text-decoration:none">M1021</span></b></a><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">:
Restrict Web-Based Content</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">)
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<b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Safeguard 9.2: Use DNS Filtering Services:
</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Use DNS filtering services on all enterprise assets to block access to known malicious domains.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
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<b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Safeguard 9.3: Maintain and Enforce Network-Based URL Filters:
</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Enforce and update network-based URL filters to limit an enterprise asset from connecting to potentially malicious or unapproved websites. Example implementations include category-based filtering, reputation-based
filtering, or through the use of block lists. Enforce filters for all enterprise assets.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
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<b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Safeguard 9.6: Block Unnecessary File Types:
</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Block unnecessary file types attempting to enter the enterprise’s email gateway.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
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<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Inform and educate users regarding the threats posed by hypertext links contained in emails or attachments especially from un-trusted sources. Remind users not to visit un-trusted websites or follow links provided
by unknown or un-trusted sources. (</span><a href="https://learn.cisecurity.org/e/799323/mitigations-M1017-/4szh5b/978993276?h=pMCXJMhjXwjJxa518k14Yo_2pVCbOHr8jJ4PD_cRv2E"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;text-decoration:none">M1017</span></b></a><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">:
User Training</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">) </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span>
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<b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Safeguard 14.1: Establish and Maintain a Security Awareness Program:</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> Establish and maintain a security awareness program. The purpose of a security awareness
program is to educate the enterprise’s workforce on how to interact with enterprise assets and data in a secure manner. Conduct training at hire and, at a minimum, annually. Review and update content annually, or when significant enterprise changes occur that
could impact this Safeguard.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
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<b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Safeguard 14.2: Train Workforce Members to Recognize Social Engineering Attacks: </span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Train workforce members to recognize social engineering attacks, such as
phishing, pre-texting, and tailgating.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:15.75pt"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">REFERENCES:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin:0px!important;padding:0px!important">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:15.75pt"><strong><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">Bleeping Computer:</span></strong><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><br>
<a href="https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/fortinet-fixes-critical-rce-flaw-in-fortigate-ssl-vpn-devices-patch-now/">https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/fortinet-fixes-critical-rce-flaw-in-fortigate-ssl-vpn-devices-patch-now/</a><br>
<br>
<strong><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">CVE: </span></strong><br>
<a href="https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-CVE-2023-27997">https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-CVE-2023-27997</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</blockquote>
<p style="line-height:15.75pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">Multi-State Information Sharing and Analysis Center (MS-ISAC)<br>
Elections Infrastructure Information Sharing and Analysis Center (EI-ISAC)<br>
31 Tech Valley Drive<br>
East Greenbush, NY 12061<br>
<br>
24×7 Security Operations Center<br>
<a href="mailto:SOC@cisecurity.org">SOC@cisecurity.org</a> - 1-866-787-4722<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="line-height:15.75pt"><b><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A">TLP:CLEAR</span></b><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><br>
<a href="https://learn.cisecurity.org/e/799323/tlp/4szh5m/978993276?h=pMCXJMhjXwjJxa518k14Yo_2pVCbOHr8jJ4PD_cRv2E">www.cisa.gov/tlp</a><br>
Information may be distributed without restriction, subject to standard copyright rules.</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#63666A"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:white">Center for Internet Security</span></strong><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><br>
<br>
<span style="color:white;background:#265078">Northeast Headquarters</span><span style="background:#265078">
<span style="color:#F36639">|</span><span style="color:white"> 31 Tech Valley Drive </span><span style="color:#F36639">|</span>
<span style="color:white">East Greenbush, NY 12061</span> <span style="color:#F36639">|</span>
<span style="color:white">Phone: 518-266-3460</span></span><br>
<br>
<br>
</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:white;background:#265078">Click
<a href="https://learn.cisecurity.org/emailPreference/e/epc/799323/aLsX9z6fCrZ9xCQOh7HbdK7naMplxKkYdsYb1mIp0jQ/584/b7009e5ca4dee0510c32aa769af97b34a5677f07a880da06f8df7b9a6bf27fe3/978993276" target="_blank">
here</a> to manage your email preferences.</span><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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