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Good Afternoon:<br>
<br>
Today we will spotlight two African-Americans (one who performed the
first open heart surgery and the other is noted to be the first
African-American millionaire) they are:
<h1><span style="font-size: 36pt; color: black;">Daniel Hale Williams<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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<p class="text1"><span class="title"><!--BodyText-->Williams, Daniel
Hale,</span> <span class="date1">1858</span>–<span class="date1">1931</span>,
American surgeon.<span class="pco"> </span>Daniel
Hale Williams was born in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Hollidaysburg</st1:City>,
<st1:State w:st="on">Pennsylvania</st1:State></st1:place> on January
18,1858.
He graduated from <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Chicago</st1:PlaceName>
<st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Medical</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">College</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>
in 1883. Daniel Hales Williams and Alice Johnson were wed on April 2,
1898. He
died on August 4, 1931, in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Idlewild</st1:City>,
<st1:State w:st="on">Michigan</st1:State></st1:place>. As surgeon of
the South Side
Dispensary in <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Chicago</st1:place></st1:City>
(1884–91), he became keenly aware of the lack of facilities for
training
African Americans like himself as doctors and nurses. As a result he
organized
the <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Provident</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">Hospital</st1:PlaceType>,
the first black hospital in the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">United States</st1:place></st1:country-region>. <span
class="pco">An </span>African
American Doctor Daniel Hale Williams is credited with having performed
open
heart surgery on July 9, 1893 before such surgeries were established. <span
class="pco">The Famous Operation: </span>Daniel
Hale Williams successfully operated on James Cornish, the victim of a
knifing.
The operation was considered at the time a ground-breaking. The doctor
opened
the patient's chest revealing a beating heart to stitch a small wound
in the
pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart. Williams performed the
first successful closure of a wound of the heart and pericardium.
Daniel
Hale Williams utilized many of the emerging antiseptic
sterilization procedures of the day and thereby gained a reputation for
professionalism. The doctor began his medical practice in <st1:City
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Chicago</st1:place></st1:City> at a
time when there were only three
other black physicians. In the same
year President Cleveland appointed him surgeon in chief of Freedmen's
Hospital,
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Washington</st1:City>, <st1:State
w:st="on">D.C.</st1:State></st1:place>, and during his five-year
tenure there
he reorganized the hospital. In 1891, in <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Chicago</st1:place></st1:City>,
Daniel Hale Williams founded Provident, the first American interracial
hospital. Provident hosted the first nursing school for blacks in <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">America</st1:place></st1:country-region>.
In 1913,
Daniel Hale Williams Williams was the only African American member of
the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">American</st1:PlaceName>
<st1:PlaceType w:st="on">College</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> of
Surgeons. From 1899 until his death he was professor of clinical
surgery at <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Meharry</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Medical</st1:PlaceName>
<st1:PlaceType w:st="on">College</st1:PlaceType>, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City
w:st="on">Nashville</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st="on">Tenn.<br>
</st1:State></st1:place></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%;"><span class="name1"><b><span
style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 130%; font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">Sarah
Breedlove Walker</span></b></span><span
style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 130%; font-family: Helvetica; color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="name1"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">(Madame
C. J. Walker)</span></span><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica; color: black;"><br>
<span class="vocation"><i>businesswoman, philanthropist</i></span><br>
<b>Born: </b><span class="birthdate">12/23/1867</span><br>
<b>Birthplace: </b><span class="birthplace">Delta, <st1:State
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">La.</st1:place></st1:State></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%;"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 130%; font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">After
a series of bereavements that left her orphaned at
6 and widowed at 20, she and her daughter A'Lelia moved to <st1:City
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">St. Louis</st1:place></st1:City> to
start over. She worked days as a
washerwoman and went to night school before inventing (1905) a process
for
straightening the hair of African-Americans. Her process, combining her
unique
formula with brushes and heated combs, caught on, and with the money
from her
successful business she and her daughter moved to <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Denver</st1:place></st1:City>. She married Charles J.
Walker, and
began promoting her product and process under the name of Madame C. J.
Walker.
She opened a permanent office in <st1:City w:st="on">Pittsburgh</st1:City>
in
1908, which her daughter ran, and in 1910 she formed Madame C. J.
Walker
Laboratories in <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Indianapolis</st1:place></st1:City>,
where she developed products and trained her beauticians, known as
“Walker
Agents.” The agents and the products were recognized in black
communities
throughout the <st1:country-region w:st="on">U.S.</st1:country-region>
and <st1:place w:st="on">Caribbean</st1:place> for promoting the
philosophy that cleanliness
and loveliness could advance the plight of African-Americans. At her
death, the
multi-million dollar estate was left to various philanthropic
organizations and
to her daughter, whose philanthropic endeavors were key to funding the
Harlem
Renaissance.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">Died: </span></b><span
class="deathdate"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Helvetica; color: black;"><b>5/25/1919</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="pco"></span>Making a difference
........ Have a great weekend and keep reading.<br>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Levenia, Marilynn, Brenton, NAACP/Psycho Clubs<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="pco"></span><br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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