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<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:9.6pt;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:110%;background:white'><b><font
size=5 color="#ee5018" face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:15.5pt;
line-height:110%;font-family:Arial;color:#EE5018;font-weight:bold'>Energy in
the Dorms<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:4.5pt;margin-bottom:
0in;margin-left:6.75pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:0%;background:#FFEEDB'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
0%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>In Yale University’s recent <a
href="http://www.yale.edu/opa/newsr/08-01-21-01.all.html" target="_blank">announcement</a>
that it had reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 17 percent since 2005, Richard
C. Levin, the institution’s president, credited several initiatives,
among them replacing windows and installing more efficient heating and cooling
systems in 90 buildings.</span></font><font size=1 color=black face=Arial><span
lang=EN style='font-size:1.0pt;line-height:0%;font-family:Arial;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:4.5pt;margin-bottom:
0in;margin-left:6.75pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:0%;background:#FFE6CC'><font
size=1 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:1.0pt;line-height:
0%;font-family:Arial;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>The maintenance projects were only part of
the story. A statistic points to a notable behavioral shift: Students in
Yale’s undergraduate dorms reduced their electricity consumption by 10
percent. They did so through a range of measures, including unplugging appliances
and defrosting mini-refrigerators before leaving for vacation. Some of it was
also the college’s doing, as it installed occupancy sensors that
automatically turn off lights in empty common rooms.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>That 10 percent reduction occurred in the
first year of Yale’s new effort. Bob Ferretti, education and outreach
manager for the college’s Office of Sustainability, credited the early
success to students picking off the “low-hanging fruit” (turning
off lights, putting laptops on sleep mode, etc.)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>In the second year of measuring, though,
students’ energy consumption stayed about the same. That still puts
students on target to meet Yale’s goal of reducing by 15 percent energy
use in student housing — measured from the 2005 baseline — by the
end of this year.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>But it also raises the question: Are
students there willing to do what it takes to knock off the next 5 percent?
And, in a broader sense, while students are behind many of the <a
href="http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2006/10/24/environment" target="_blank">large-scale
environmental projects</a> at colleges across the country, are there aspects of
their everyday routines that they’re less enthusiastic to change in the
name of energy conservation?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Julian Dautremont-Smith, associate director
of the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education,
said responses to environmentally friendly technology vary greatly. Students
tend to be more than willing to adapt to some products — occupancy
sensors and energy-efficient flat-screen computers — but are more
hesitant with others, such as low-flow shower heads.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>The more controversial products often
improve over time in response to consumer preference, and student resistance
dissipates, Dautremont-Smith said he’s found. But student behavior
typically takes longer to change.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Administrators at <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Stanford</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>
got a crash course in responding to student complaints this month. Following a
spring pilot program that involved installing low-flow shower heads in one
dorm, the university replaced more than 1,500 of the old shower heads across
the campus with the low-flow variety before students returned from winter
break.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Students, mostly in one dorm, revolted.
Christian Tom, a Stanford junior who lived in that dorm, said almost everyone
on his hall noticed a major drop in water pressure. They signed a letter that
Tom sent to the university’s housing office voicing their displeasure.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Jonas Ketterle, a Stanford senior who
proposed to Stanford’s housing office that the new type of shower head be
used, went dorm to dorm explaining to students that the change was made to
decrease water consumption.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Once facilities management pumped up the
water pressure, which had been lower than intended in the dorm, students were
mostly placated, according to Rodger Whitney, Stanford’s chief housing
officer. Tom agreed, but said he wishes that the university had looked for
energy savings in other places, such as low-flow urinals.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Ketterle said most of the complaints had to
do with process — the university not notifying students in advance
— and not with the idea of changing the shower heads to conserve energy.
He said Stanford administrators fell short in their plan to post notes in the
dorms announcing the shower head change. Whitney said the university would
think twice about making these types of moves mid-year in the future.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Micah Ziegler, a member and past leader of
the Yale Student Environmental Coalition, said students are typically used to
taking long showers with intense water pressure. Colleges can get into trouble
when they assume students will automatically adapt to appliance changes and
understand the thinking behind the moves.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>“It’s a university’s
responsibility to educate students about how sustainability is being managed,”
Ziegler said. “I don’t expect flow charts on the wall, but I do
want e-mails saying, ‘You’re saving energy and here’s how
you’re doing it.’ Students need to know why they’re using a
low-flow shower head. When they go off in the real world, they have to make
that decision for themselves.”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>That doesn’t mean institutions need
to put every dorm renovation change up for a student referendum, Ziegler said.
Colleges can set the agenda in certain cases.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>“I don’t hear anyone
complaining that a fluorescent light looks so different than an incandescent
one” that is less efficient, he said. “Most people can’t tell
the difference.”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Whitney said Stanford students have
typically been receptive to reminders by administrators and students to reduce
their energy consumption by turning off power chords and unplugging
electronics. The problem, Ketterle said, is that students don’t know how
effective they are at reducing their energy footprint.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>That’s why Stanford is drawing up
plans for a green dorm that would include a first-floor laboratory where
researchers would monitor room by room energy use and student behaviors.
Ketterle, the student representative for the project, said the idea is for the
hallways to compete in energy-reduction competitions, similar to the university’s
water usage contest.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Ketterle said he’s impressed with
students’ willingness to turn off lights and unplug appliances, but
he’s still bothered by the amount of garbage generated in dorms.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Ferretti, the Yale outreach manager, said
students might get over the 10 percent energy reduction hump if they kept their
room temperatures a few degrees lower.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Students in an <a
href="http://www.yalestep.org/" target="_blank">environmental task force</a>
there successfully lobbied Yale housing to lower the base temperature two
degrees in the winter and raise it two degrees in the summer. But students can
typically control, within a few degrees, the temperature in their rooms or
suites.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>“There are some students willing to
go the extra mile and put on an extra layer in the winter,” Ferretti
said. “If their room is a sweltering 80 degrees, instead of opening a
window they can report the problem.”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Ziegler said that while some students
aren’t willing to live in a colder room, they are good about asking the
college to repair leaky windows or fix broken exterior doors. Many times, he
said, it’s students who are urging each other to take shorter showers and
decrease the room temperature.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Peer influence is typically the most
effective way of changing behavior, said Sarah Hammond Creighton, <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Tufts</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>’s
sustainability coordinator and co-author of the book <a
href="http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=11131"
target="_blank"><i><span style='font-style:italic'>Degrees That Matter: Climate
Change and the University</span></i></a>, from MIT Press.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Colleges, she notes in the book, are often
hesitant to tell students to lower their load of gadgets plugged into the wall
despite the fact that it would save the institutions money. Some colleges ban
personal air conditioning units and limit fridge size, but “an energy
police state is not likely to be successful,” Creighton said.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Tufts officials sweep the dorms at the
start of winter break to see if students have turned lights off, closed windows
and emptied their fridges. Those actions help save the university $5,000 in
aggregate, she estimates.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Vera Chang, a junior at <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Carleton</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">College</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>
who’s involved in the sustainability movement on her campus, said
students’ use of mini-fridges bothers her the most, in part because many
halls come with larger fridges. (She admits, though, that she used one her
first year.)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Still, it’s a tricky task for
students to monitor each other. Nathan Wyeth, a senior at <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Brown</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>
and co-leader of the student group emPOWER, which is pushing for renewable
energy purchases, said he’s careful not to go overboard.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>“I don’t want to be a nag to my
friends,” he said. “I don’t always say, ‘Did you put
your laptop to sleep or did you just leave the room without shutting off the
light?’ Colleges need to take the lead in some cases.”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Creighton said it’s also important to
keep in mind the role of the non-students on campus. As her book says,
“We know that there are few incentives for individual emission reduction
actions on campus, particularly because individual departments and research units
are not billed directly for energy costs (or savings).”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Few would consider turning off a copy
machine or an overhead projector a hardship, but Tom, the Stanford student,
said some students are concerned that to make any serious mark in energy
reduction, they need to make major quality-of-life sacrifices. And he worries
that the water-pressure incident and similar mishaps only exacerbate the
problem.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Ketterle said that’s a misconception
worth addressing.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:.05in;margin-right:4.5pt;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:
120%;font-family:Arial;color:black'>“I take fairly long showers,”
he said. “I’m interested in saving energy, but I don’t want
to — and I don’t think anyone should have to — sacrifice
performance in these cases.”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=tagline1 style='background:white'><b><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;line-height:120%;font-family:
Arial'>— <a href="mailto:elia.powers@insidehighered.com"><font
color=black><span style='color:black;text-decoration:none'>Elia Powers</span></font></a><o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><b><font size=4 face="Monotype Corsiva"><span
style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Monotype Corsiva"'>Linda Mason, Ed.D.</span></font></b></strong><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Coordinator for Grant Writing and External Funding</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on"><font size=2
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Oklahoma</span></font></st1:PlaceName><font
size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> <st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">State</st1:PlaceType></span></font></st1:place><font size=2
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> Regents for Higher
Education</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><st1:Street w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on"><font size=2
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>655 Research
Parkway, Suite 200</span></font></st1:address></st1:Street><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on"><font size=2
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Oklahoma City</span></font></st1:City><font
size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>, <st1:State
w:st="on">OK</st1:State> <st1:PostalCode w:st="on">73104</st1:PostalCode></span></font></st1:place><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>405-225-9486</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><a href="mailto:lmason@osrhe.edu">lmason@osrhe.edu</a></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>IP: 164.58.250.178</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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