No subject

Tue Mar 23 20:22:41 CST 2004

*****************************

Powers of 10 Day (Grades K-12)

October 10

=20

10 to the 6th =3D 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10     =3D 1,000,000

10 to the 5th =3D 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 =3D 100,000

10 to the 4th =3D 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 =3D 10,000

10 to the 3rd =3D 10 x 10 x 10 =3D 1,000

10 to the 2nd =3D 10 x 10 =3D 100

10 to the 1st  =3D 10 =3D 10

10 to the 0  power =3D 10 =F7 10 =3D 1

The 10th day of the 10th month -- a day to explore the base of our =
number system.

Before we get to the activities, first a little history. Our number =
system is a decimal system--it relies on groupings of 10s. It is also a =
place-value system, with the value of each numeral depending on its =
position or place in the number. The Babylonians were the first to =
create such a place-value system. In fact, they devised this system tens =
of hundreds of years ago--somewhere around 1900 B.C. But the Babylonian =
system used base 60. (It was the Babylonians who divided an hour into 60 =
minutes and a minute into 60 seconds.) Our everyday counting and =
computing works with the base 10 positional system--a system first =
invented in India and brought to Europe by Arabic traders.

For Powers of 10 Day, there are activities for every grade level. For =
example:

* Primary students can explore place value and grouping of hundreds. =
Perhaps they can work with pennies, popcorn, or little colored paper =
dots.

=20

* Since students in the intermediate grades are often fascinated by =
large numbers--a million, a zillion, and a googol--this is a good =
opportunity to have them try to get an idea of just how big those =
numbers are!

=20

* Middle school students can connect powers of 10 to their study of the =
metric system, exponents, and scientific notation, as well as scale and =
proportion.

=20

* High school students can use logarithms of base 10 and learn about the =
Richter Scale for measuring earthquakes.

There are no strict rules, of course, for which topics to use for the =
different grades. And in fact, even though a number of the resources =
listed below are designated for particular grade levels, they are great =
fun for any age. In particular, be sure to check the web site The =
MegaPenny Project and the book How Much Is a Million?

Connections

Here are some ideas for activities that I hope you'll find useful for =
this day's celebration. They're grouped by category.

Powers of 10

* Base 10 Blocks http://www.arcytech.org/java/b10blocks/ (ENC#015904) =
Grades K-5. Using an applet, children can move base 10 blocks on =
different grids, comparing sizes but also learning basic arithmetic =
operations. A lesson plan explains the applet and the connection of this =
program with the base 10 number system.

=20

* Math by All Means: Place Value (ENC#004575) Grades 1-2. This excellent =
unit contains activities and whole lessons that employ a number of =
different approaches to teach place value. Children count large numbers =
of items, examine patterns, explore the use of numbers in daily living, =
and investigate the relationship between our number system and money.

=20

* Shuffling into Math (ENC#017599) Grades K-3. This book of 108 games =
provides practice in counting, pattern recognition, numeration, and the =
arithmetic operations. Games often require dice, playing cards, and =
other manipulatives.

=20

Large Numbers

* The MegaPenny Project -- http://www.kokogiak.com/megapenny/default.asp =
(An ENC Digital Dozen selection, ENC#019253) Grades 5-8. Although this =
site is especially appropriate for grades 5-8, it is really suitable for =
all grades. The site offers images of arrangements of U.S. pennies, from =
a stack of 16 pennies (1 inch high) up to a mass of 1 quintillion. The =
site is fun, and the visuals are compelling!

=20

* Lots of Dots -- http://www.vendian.org/envelope/dir2/lots_of_dots =
Grades 3-6. Here students can see and compare 100 dots with 10,000, and =
then with 1,000,000 dots! Another section shows one dot for every second =
of a day.

=20

* Big Numbers --  http://www.ecstaticfuturist.com/MiscInfo/numbers.html =
Grades 5-8. This site presents a list of very large numbers and really =
small numbers, from a googolplex to a septillionth (10-24).

=20

* DiscoverySchool Lesson Plans: Astronomical Scale =
http://school.discovery.com/lessonplans/programs/scale/ Grades 9-12. =
This aptly named lesson plan helps students gain an understanding of =
enormous distances by using scaling factors. Students will also quickly =
develop an appreciation of the usefulness of scientific notation.

=20

* How Much Is a Million? (ENC#001299) Grades 1-6 (but engaging for all =
grades). This book answers the question "How much is a million?" To =
conceptualize large numbers, children see examples ranging from whales =
to interstellar travel.

=20

* Using Big Numbers (ENC#009715) Grades 5-6. Any of the project-based =
learning activities from this book will interest students. In one =
activity, for example, students divide a million dollars among the class =
members; each student keeps track of the balance as he or she tries to =
spend the total!

=20

Exponents and Scale

* A Question of Scale: Quarks to Quasars --  =
http://www.wordwizz.com/pwrsof10.htm (An ENC Digital Dozen selection, =
ENC#016494) Grade 6-postsecondary. Take a virtual journey of increasing =
powers of 10, consisting of 42 images (42 powers of 10). The images are =
based on the book The Powers of Ten. The site also includes a section on =
logarithmic scales and features a Java movie of all 42 pictures in order =
from small to large. A really awesome set of pictures!

=20

* Perspectives: Powers of 10 -- =
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/activities/students/perspectives.html =
(Part of an ENC Digital Dozen selection, ENC#027038) Grades 5-12. This =
site offers a hands-on drawing activity and two tutorials to help =
students compare sizes. One tutorial lets students view a fruit fly or a =
jellyfish, for example, through a virtual scanning electron microscope. =
The other shows slides of the universe, either automatically or =
controlled manually, through successive orders of magnitude.

=20

* How Big Are Things? --  =
http://www.vendian.org/howbig/?&page=3Dwelcome.html Grades 5-12. Your =
students visit 10 rooms with different magnifications and consider scale =
visually. In one room, the viewer is the size of Godzilla and people are =
the size of ants!

=20

* Patterns with Ten (ENC#018913) Grades 6-9. This videotape illustrates =
the use of patterns in the base 10 number system. Eight short lessons =
include material on exponents, the metric system, and scientific =
notation.

=20

* Powers of Ten (ENC#012979) Grades 7-8. This middle school unit offers =
an excellent set of carefully crafted investigations. All materials for =
the 15-day unit are included in the student book and accompanying =
teacher's guide.

Logarithms and the Richter Scale

* Earthquake Hazards Program: National Earthquake Information Center --  =
http://neic.usgs.gov/ Grades 6-12. After students understand the Richter =
Scale, this site offers them current data on seismological events.

=20

* Measuring Earthquakes (ENC#001972) Grades 6-8. In this unit, students =
investigate seismology, learn how to handle exponents and use =
logarithmic scales, analyze the Richter Scale, and even build a =
seismograph they use to record simulated earthquakes. All handouts and =
questions for discussion are included.

-------------------------------------------------------------

As a final word, a set of materials is available for celebrating =
National Metric Week (October 6-10 this year). The materials are from =
the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics: =
http://www.nctm.org/meetings/metric-week.htm.

Note: For a more complete description of any of the resources listed =
above that have an ENC number, go to ENC's Curriculum Resources Advanced =
Search, http://enc.org/resources/search/advanced/. You can search by =
title or by ENC number.

Search Strategies

Find more materials by searching Curriculum Resources on ENC Online =
using these terms: Earthquakes, Exponents, Logarithms, Place value, =
Richter scale, Scale, or Scientific notation.

Connections to Standards

Realizing that there are many ways to use this Classroom Calendar entry, =
we chose these standards because they relate to the entry, in full or in =
part. If you want to explore the standards further, please use the =
link(s) provided.

=20

Connections to NCTM Standards

Connections: Recognize and use connections among mathematical ideas

Number and Operations: Understand numbers, ways of representing numbers, =
relationships among numbers, and number systems

--------------------------

Graphic: Marcela Esteves

********************************************

--=20

Jerry P. Becker
Curriculum & Instruction
Southern Illinois University
Carbondale, IL  62901-4610
Phone:  (618) 453-4241  [O]
            (618) 457-8903  [H]
Fax:      (618) 453-4244
E-mail:   jbecker at siu.edu

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12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>*****************************</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

From Terese Herrera of the Eisenhower National Clearinghouse at =
The
Ohio State University: See http://www.enc.org/ . For what is below, =
see
http://www.enc.org/features/calendar/unit/0,1819,213,00.shtm?ls=3Deu<=
/span>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>*****************************</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>Powers of 10 Day (Grades K-12)</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>October&nbsp;10</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>10 to the 6th =3D&nbsp;10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x =
10<x-tab>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</x-tab>=3D&nbsp;1,000,000</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>10 to the 5th =3D&nbsp;10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x =
10&nbsp;=3D&nbsp;100,000</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>10 to the 4th&nbsp;=3D&nbsp;10 x 10 x 10 x =
10&nbsp;=3D&nbsp;10,000</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>10 to the 3rd&nbsp;=3D&nbsp;10 x 10 x 10 =
=3D&nbsp;1,000</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>10 to the 2nd&nbsp;=3D&nbsp;10 x 10 =
=3D&nbsp;100</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>10 to the 1st&nbsp; =3D&nbsp;10 =3D&nbsp;10</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>10 to the 0&nbsp; power =3D&nbsp;10 =F7 10 =
=3D&nbsp;1</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

The 10th day of the 10th month -- a day to explore the base of our =
number
system. 
 
Before we get to the activities, first a little history. Our number =
system is a
decimal system--it relies on groupings of 10s. It is also a place-value =
system,
with the value of each numeral depending on its position or place in the
number. The Babylonians were the first to create such a place-value =
system. In
fact, they devised this system tens of hundreds of years ago--somewhere =
around
1900 B.C. But the Babylonian system used base 60. (It was the =
Babylonians who
divided an hour into 60 minutes and a minute into 60 seconds.) Our =
everyday
counting and computing works with the base 10 positional system--a =
system first
invented in India and brought to Europe by Arabic =
traders.

</div>

<div>

For Powers of 10 Day, there are activities for every grade =
level. For
example:

</div>

<div>

* Primary students can explore place value and grouping of =
hundreds.
Perhaps they can work with pennies, popcorn, or little colored paper =
dots.

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>* Since students in the intermediate grades are often fascinated =
by
large numbers--a million, a zillion, and a googol--this is a good =
opportunity
to have them try to get an idea of just how big those numbers =
are!</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>* Middle school students can connect powers of 10 to their study =
of the
metric system, exponents, and scientific notation, as well as scale and
proportion.</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>* High school students can use logarithms of base 10 and learn =
about
the Richter Scale for measuring earthquakes.</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

There are no strict rules, of course, for which topics to use for the =
different
grades. And in fact, even though a number of the resources listed below =
are
designated for particular grade levels, they are great fun for any age. =
In
particular, be sure to check the web site The MegaPenny Project and the =
book
How Much Is a Million?

</div>

<div>

Connections 
 
Here are some ideas for activities that I hope you'll find useful for =
this
day's celebration. They're grouped by category.

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>Powers of 10</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

* Base 10 Blocks http://www.arcytech.org/java/b10blocks/
(ENC#015904) Grades K-5. Using an applet, children can move base 10 =
blocks on
different grids, comparing sizes but also learning basic arithmetic =
operations.
A lesson plan explains the applet and the connection of this program =
with the
base 10 number system.

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

* Math by All Means: Place Value (ENC#004575) Grades 1-2. This
excellent unit contains activities and whole lessons that employ a =
number of
different approaches to teach place value. Children count large numbers =
of items,
examine patterns, explore the use of numbers in daily living, and =
investigate
the relationship between our number system and money.

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

* Shuffling into Math (ENC#017599) Grades K-3. This book of 108 =
games
provides practice in counting, pattern recognition, numeration, and the
arithmetic operations. Games often require dice, playing cards, and =
other
manipulatives.

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>Large Numbers</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

* The MegaPenny Project --
http://www.kokogiak.com/megapenny/default.asp (An ENC Digital Dozen =
selection,
ENC#019253) Grades 5-8. Although this site is especially appropriate for =
grades
5-8, it is really suitable for all grades. The site offers images of
arrangements of U.S. pennies, from a stack of 16 pennies (1 inch high) =
up to a
mass of 1 quintillion. The site is fun, and the visuals are =
compelling!

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

* Lots of Dots -- =
http://www.vendian.org/envelope/dir2/lots_of_dots
Grades 3-6. Here students can see and compare 100 dots with 10,000, and =
then
with 1,000,000 dots! Another section shows one dot for every second of a =
day.

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

* Big Numbers --&nbsp;
http://www.ecstaticfuturist.com/MiscInfo/numbers.html Grades 5-8. =
This site
presents a list of very large numbers and really small numbers, from a
googolplex to a septillionth (10-24).

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

* DiscoverySchool Lesson Plans: Astronomical Scale =
http://school.discovery.com/lessonplans/programs/scale/
Grades 9-12. This aptly named lesson plan helps students gain an =
understanding
of enormous distances by using scaling factors. Students will also =
quickly
develop an appreciation of the usefulness of scientific =
notation.

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

* How Much Is a Million? (ENC#001299) Grades 1-6 (but engaging =
for all
grades). This book answers the question &quot;How much is a =
million?&quot; To
conceptualize large numbers, children see examples ranging from whales =
to
interstellar travel.

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

* Using Big Numbers (ENC#009715) Grades 5-6. Any of the =
project-based
learning activities from this book will interest students. In one =
activity, for
example, students divide a million dollars among the class members; each
student keeps track of the balance as he or she tries to spend the =
total!

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>Exponents and Scale</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

* A Question of Scale: Quarks to Quasars --&nbsp;
http://www.wordwizz.com/pwrsof10.htm (An ENC Digital Dozen selection,
ENC#016494) Grade 6-postsecondary. Take a virtual journey of increasing =
powers
of 10, consisting of 42 images (42 powers of 10). The images are based =
on the
book The Powers of Ten. =
The site
also includes a section on logarithmic scales and features a Java movie =
of all
42 pictures in order from small to large. A really awesome set of =
pictures!

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

* Perspectives: Powers of 10 --
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/activities/students/perspectives.html =
(Part
of an ENC Digital Dozen selection, ENC#027038) Grades 5-12. This site =
offers a
hands-on drawing activity and two tutorials to help students compare =
sizes. One
tutorial lets students view a fruit fly or a jellyfish, for example, =
through a
virtual scanning electron microscope. The other shows slides of the =
universe,
either automatically or controlled manually, through successive orders =
of
magnitude.

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

* How Big Are Things? --&nbsp;
http://www.vendian.org/howbig/?&amp;page=3Dwelcome.html Grades 5-12. =
Your
students visit 10 rooms with different magnifications and consider scale
visually. In one room, the viewer is the size of Godzilla and people are =
the
size of ants!

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

* Patterns with Ten (ENC#018913) Grades 6-9. This videotape =
illustrates
the use of patterns in the base 10 number system. Eight short lessons =
include
material on exponents, the metric system, and scientific =
notation.

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

* Powers of Ten (ENC#012979) Grades 7-8. This middle school unit =
offers
an excellent set of carefully crafted investigations. All materials for =
the
15-day unit are included in the student book and accompanying teacher's =
guide.

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'><br>
Logarithms and the Richter Scale</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

* Earthquake Hazards Program: National Earthquake =
Information
 Center --&nbsp; http://neic.usgs.gov/ Grades 6-12. After students =
understand
the Richter Scale, this site offers them current data on seismological =
events.

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

* Measuring Earthquakes (ENC#001972) Grades 6-8. In this unit, =
students
investigate seismology, learn how to handle exponents and use =
logarithmic
scales, analyze the Richter Scale, and even build a seismograph they use =
to
record simulated earthquakes. All handouts and questions for discussion =
are
included.

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>-------------------------------------------------------------</sp=
an></font></p>

</div>

<div>

As a final word, a set of materials is available for celebrating
National Metric Week (October 6-10 this year). The materials are from =
the
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics: =
http://www.nctm.org/meetings/metric-week.htm.

</div>

<div>

Note: For a more complete description of any of the resources =
listed
above that have an ENC number, go to ENC's Curriculum Resources Advanced
Search, http://enc.org/resources/search/advanced/. You can search =
by
title or by ENC number.

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>Search Strategies</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>Find more materials by searching Curriculum Resources on ENC =
Online
using these terms: Earthquakes, Exponents, Logarithms, Place value, =
Richter
scale, Scale, or Scientific notation.</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

Connections to Standards 
 
Realizing that there are many ways to use this Classroom Calendar entry, =
we
chose these standards because they relate to the entry, in full or in =
part. If
you want to explore the standards further, please use the link(s) =
provided.

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>Connections to NCTM Standards</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'><br>
Connections: Recognize and use connections among mathematical =
ideas</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'><br>
Number and Operations: Understand numbers, ways of representing numbers,
relationships among numbers, and number systems</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>--------------------------</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>Graphic: Marcela Esteves</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>********************************************</span></font></p>

</div>

<pre><font size=3D2 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt'><x-sigsep>-- </span></font></pre>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'></x-sigsep>Jerry P. Becker<br>
Curriculum &amp; Instruction<br>
Southern </span></font>Illinois University<br>
  Carbondale, IL&nbsp; 62901-4610<br>
Phone:&nbsp; (618) 453-4241&nbsp; [O]<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (618)
457-8903&nbsp; [H]<br>
Fax:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (618) 453-4244<br>
E-mail:&nbsp;&nbsp; jbecker at siu.edu</p>

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